Carbon Dioxide Corrosion

In this post, i will inform you about Carbon dioxide corrosion in oil and gas pipeline. i decided to choose this topic because this topic is related with my assignment in Corrosion's subject and I've just attended Corrosion seminar that discussed about corrosion in oil and gas pipeline and the main causes are due to carbon dioxide corrosion and hydrogen sulfide corrosion. but, in this post i'll only explain about carbon dioxide corrosion in oil and gas pipeline and being specific is what kind effect of acetic acid on carbon dioxide corrosion in oil and gas pipeline. so, enjoy!

Carbon Dioxide Corrosion

Extraction of Aluminium

In my previous post, I've already inform you about High Temperature corrosion. Now, I'll inform you about extractive metallurgy. Extractive metallurgy has been called corrosion in reversed. Extractive metallurgy is the study of the extraction and purification of metals from their ores. There are several steps to extract metals from their ores. In this post, i will explain about how to extract aluminum from bauxite as its ore. (This topic is also a part of my subject)

Extraction of Aluminum

High Temperature Corrosion

As I said,I take Corrosion Engineering as my specific major in my Master Degree Program.Now I wanna inform you about what corrosion is. Corrosion is the destructive result of chemical reaction between metal or metal alloy and its environment. There are several types of corrosion such as uniform corrosion, localized corrosion, intergranular corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen induced cracking,erosion corossion and so on. Corrosion is also divided into aqueous corrosion and high temperature corrosion. In this time i will give you an example about high temperature corrosion.

High Temperature Corrosion Mechanisms and Effect of Alloying Elements for Materials Used in Waste Incinerat...

Relaxor Ferroelectrics

Relaxor Ferroelectric is one kind of advanced ceramics. I've learned about advanced ceramics in my master's courses (subject: Engineering Materials) Here's the explanation!

Relaxor Ferroelectrics

Positive Material Identification

In this post, I'll inform you about Materials Characterization using Positive Material Identification. This Post is related to one of my subject in my master course namely "Materials Characterization".
Notes: The explanation will be in Bahasa Indonesia. Enjoy :)


Positive Material Identification

Carbon Active as Hydrogen Storage

Carbon Active as Hydrogen Storage is a general topic of my thesis. The purpose of this research is referring to provide a good storage for hydrogen which is used as an unlimited fuel. Hydrogen is oxidized cleanly to water  when combustion process, at the same time if we use the fuel in general there are elements of C that can produce CO. Hydrogen has the highest energy to weight ratio (120kJ/g) of any fuel. Hydrogen is the ideal fuel for fuel cells and can also be used in an internal combustion engine. There are two important things that need attention, there are hydrogen production and hydrogen storage. For hydrogen production, over 500 billion m³ per year of hydrogen generated globally. Over 90% of hydrogen produced from fossil fuels, 48% from steam reforming of natural gas, 30% from oil and off-gases of refineries and chemical plants, 18% form gasification of coal, 4% from electrolysis. For hydrogen storage there are several options to storage the hydrogen such as gaseous hydrogen stored under high pressures, liquid hydrogen, as a hyride(metal, complex,chemical), gas on solid adsorption (carbon nanotubes, inorganic nanotubes, metal organic frameworks or porous materials^.[1] Among them, porous carbon materials as on of the hydrogen storage types consider the best advantages which is light weight, fast kinetics, complete reversibility, low cost, and high surface area. With high surface area, high micropore volume,appropriate tailoring pore structures and texture of the carbon material then hydrogen storage capacity will be increase. There are several new techniques to storage hydrogen such as template carbonization and carbide derived car techniques but both of them still have disadvantages which make porous carbon material still the best choice to storage hydrogen with simple preparation and long history is is activated carbon. ^[2]

Activated carbon can be defined as carbonaceous material having high porosity and internal surface area and cannot be characterized by any distinctive chemical formula. There are two different process for the preparation of activated carbon, they called physical and chemical activation. In physical activation involves of carbonization of carbonaceous precursor which is followed by gasification of the resulting char or direct activation of the starting material in the presence of an activating agent such as CO₂, steam or both. This process eliminiates selectively the most reactive carbon atoms of the structure generating the porosity. In chemical reactivation, the precursor is impregnated with a given chemical agent and then is pyrolyzed which is much richer carbon content material with a much more ordered structure is produced and when the chemical agents is eliminated by heat treatment the porosity will highly developed. With chemical activation we can get so much advantages such as we use lower temperature and shorter time than those used in physical activation, we can get high surface area activated carbon, the yield of carbon is higher than physical activation which is caused by the chemical agents used are substances with dehydrogenation properties that inhibit formation of tar and reduce the production of other volatile products.^[3]  

In my research, I'm gonna use mechanochemical method which is a combination of chemical activation method with KOH as activating agents and mechanical process. In this method, not only activating agents play an important role but also ball mill too. Activated coal will be mixed with activating agents in planetary ball mill. After that, a mixture of activated coal and activating agents will be pelleted and heat treated. And the last step is characterization the material. With this method, we're hoping that the hydrogen storage capacity will be increased. 
Different with my previous post where i said I'm gonna use activated carbons from coal and coconut shell as a material, now i am only using activated carbons from coal.

About the details of my thesis, i still discuss it with my thesis supervisor and do a literature study to find the best variable for this research. So I will inform you soon when there is something new. :)

 

Reference:

1. Associate Professor Craig Buckley. The Hydrogen Economy – Hydorgen Storage Options. Australia: Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University

2. Wang, Huanlei, Qiuming Gao, ^*Juan Hu.2009. High Hydrogen Storage Capacity of Porous Carbons Prepared by Using Activated Carbon. China

3.    Lozano-Castello,D., M.A. Lillo-Ro´denas, D. Cazorla-Amoro´s, A. Linares-Solano*.2000. Preparation of activated carbons from Spanish anthracite I. Activation by KOH. Spain: Departamento de Quitmica Inorganica, Universidad de Alicante

Preface

This is my first posting in this blog. This blog will be in English or Bahasa Indonesia or both of them.Before we talk to much, let me introduce myself. I'm Mia. I'm a Bachelor and also a Master Degree Student in Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering with Corrosion Engineering as specific major in my Master Degree Program. I will complete my bachelor and master degree program within 5 years though as we know to complete bachelor and master degree program in normal time, it takes 6 years. I can complete it faster because luckily i get fast-track program scholarship from BKPLN Kemendiknas RI. When applying this program, there are several requirements that must be fulfilled, there are TOEFL test results, student's academic report, and scholarships form. I feel blessed to get this opportunity and i will be super serious to through this.
Furthermore, with this blog i will inform about all of my activity in my campus life like about my thesis progress, my study plan and also share a knowledge that i already gained. For your info, now I'm still working on my thesis(skripsi) to complete my bachelor degree that i plan it will complete at the beginning of next year. My thesis is about Developing Material for Energy Storage of Hydrogen Gas Based Activated Carbon Nano Particles. I'm gonna use activated coal and activated coconut shells as the materials. But now i couldn't explain the detail because I'm still discussing with my Thesis Supervisor to specify the variables. Nevertheless, I've been preparing the materials from now on. So, at the beginning of next month i really hope that i could start that research.
I think its enough for this preface.Keep reading my blog and you will get much more information that I'm pretty sure it will be very useful for you guys.

Tschüss :)